Thursday, May 10, 2007

Dalai Lama Rejects Death Penalty

สารจากองค์ดาไลลามะ

เพื่อสนับสนุนการยุติโทษประหารชีวิต

เมื่อกล่าวถึง ‘ความตาย’ ความตายเป็นสิ่งที่ไม่มีใครต้องการ ไม่อยากแม้แต่จะต้องคิดถึง ความตายที่มาถึงตามกาลแห่งธรรมชาตินั้น เป็นเรื่องที่อยู่นอกเหนือการควบคุมบังคับของคนเรา แต่ความตายที่ถูกมอบให้อย่างจงใจต่อผู้หนึ่งผู้ใด จะด้วยเหตุผลกลใดก็ตาม นับเป็นเรื่องที่เลวร้าย ในระบบกฏหมายของหลายๆ ประเทศในสมัยปัจจุบัน ยังมีโทษประหารชีวิตอยู่ด้วยเหตุผลนานา เป็นต้นว่า เป็นโทษอันสมควรแก่ผู้ละเมิดต่อกฎเกณฑ์ที่ตราไว้อย่างชัดเจนของสังคมนั้นๆ เพื่อจะได้ป้องกันมิให้ผู้ละเมิดกฎเหล่านั้นกระทำผิดซ้ำอีก ตลอดจนเพื่อเป็นการห้ามปรามคนอื่นๆ ไม่ให้ปฏิบัติตามอย่างด้วย แต่หากเราลองสำรวจตรวจสอบเรื่องนี้อย่างละเอียดและเป็นธรรม เราจะเห็นได้อย่างชัดเจนว่า การลงโทษประหารชีวิตนี้ มิใช่ทางออกที่ถูกต้องในการปรามบุคคลไม่ให้ทำผิดซ้ำ ทั้งไม่ใช่การป้องปรามคนอื่นมิให้กระทำผิดอย่างเดียวกันที่มีประสิทธิผลด้วย


การทำร้ายบุคคลอื่นจนเป็นผลให้เกิดความสูญเสียที่น่าเศร้าขึ้นนั้น เป็นผลมาจากภาวะทางอารมณ์ที่ถูกรบกวนจนผิดปกติ และการมีความคิดต่อสังคมในแง่ลบ ซึ่งภาวะเช่นนี้มีแฝงอยู่ในตัวคนทุกคน ต่างแต่เพียงว่าใครจะก้าวไปถึงจุดที่กระทำอันตรายต่อผู้อื่นหรือไม่เท่านั้น ดังนั้น เราจึงไม่สามารถจะเอาชนะภาวะอารมณ์อันผิดปกติในตัวของมนุษย์นี้ได้ ด้วยการประหัตประหารคนอื่น

สิ่งที่ถูกถือว่าเป็น ‘อาชญากรรม’ นั้น อาจแตกต่างเป็นดำกับขาวได้ ระหว่างสังคมหนึ่งกับอีกสังคมหนึ่ง เป็นด้นว่า การเรียกร้องสิทธิมนุษยชนนั้น ในสังคมหนึ่งจะถูกตราว่าเป็นอาชญากรรม ขณะที่ในอีกสังคมหนึ่ง การปิดกั้นการแสดงออกอย่างเสรีของประชาชนต่างหาก ที่ถือว่าเป็นอาชญากรรม ทั้งการลงโทษต่ออาชญากรรมทั้งหลายก็มีความแตกต่างห่างไกลกันจากสังคมหนึ่งสู่อีกสังคมหนึ่ง นับแต่การจองจำ การบังคับให้มีความเป็นอยู่อย่างบากลำบาก การปรับเงิน และในบางสังคม ก็ยังมีการทรมานให้ความเจ็บปวดต่อร่างกายอยู่ ขณะที่ในบางสังคม ผู้ปกครองลงโทษผู้ก่ออาชญากรรมร้ายแรงด้วยโทษประหารชีวิต การประหารชีวิตอาจช่วยห้ามปรามคนอื่นมิให้ทำตามได้บ้าง แต่ก็นับเป็นการแก้แค้นต่อผู้กระทำผิดอย่างชัดแจ้งด้วย นับเป็นการลงโทษที่รุนแรงอย่างเหลือคณา ผู้ถูกตัดสินต้องสิ้นชีวิตไปโดยไม่ได้รับโอกาสให้ปรับปรุงตัวเอง ไม่มีโอกาสแก้ไขทบทวนถึงอันตรายที่เขาได้ก่อขึ้น ทั้งไม่มีโอกาสที่จะชดใช้ความผิดนั้นอีก ก่อนที่จะตัดสินลงโทษประหารชีวิตแก่ใคร เราควรไตร่ตรองให้ถี่ถ้วนเสียก่อนว่า ผู้ที่ถูกเรียกว่าเป็นอาชญากรนั้น เป็นคนมีอันตรายในเนื้อแท้จริงหรือ และเขาจะเป็นอันตรายต่อสังคมอยู่เช่นนั้นตลอดชั่วชีวิตเขากระนั้นหรือ ข้าพเจ้าเชื่อว่า คำตอบที่ท่านได้เมื่อได้ใคร่ครวญอย่างเป็นธรรมแล้ว ย่อมต้องบอกว่า ‘ไม่จริง’ และ ‘ไม่ใช่’ ข้าพเจ้าเชื่อมั่นว่า ไม่ว่าบุคคลใดก็ตาม แม้จะได้กระทำสิ่งที่เลวร้ายและเป็นอันตรายยิ่งต่อผู้อื่นมาแล้ว ก็ยังมีโอกาสที่เขาผู้นั้นจะสามารถปรับปรุงแก้ไขตัวเองได้ ข้าพเจ้าเชื่อมั่นว่า ทุกสังคมสามารถจะหามาตรการหยุดยั้งการก่ออาชญากรรมและปกป้องอันตรายจากความสูญเสียไม่ให้เกิดขึ้นได้ โดยไม่ต้องใช้โทษประหารชีวิตแต่อย่างใด

ข้าพเจ้ามีความเชื่ออย่างแน่นแฟ้นว่า ผู้เป็นอาชญากรนั้นสามารถปรับปรุงแก้ไขตัวเองได้ ดังนั้น ข้าพเจ้าจึงไม่อาจยอมรับการมีโทษประหารชีวิตได้ และข้าพเจ้าขอให้การสนับสนุนอย่างเต็มกำลังแก่องค์กรหรือคณะบุคคลใดๆ ก็ตาม ที่เพียรพยายามหาวิธีการต่างๆ เพื่อหยุดยั้งการมีโทษประหารชีวิต

ในโลกทุกวันนี้ มีประชาชาติและสังคมมากมายหลายแห่งเหลือเกินที่ให้ความสำคัญต่อการให้การศึกษา และการพัฒนาคุณค่าแห่งมนุษย์น้อยมาก ดูจากการสร้างกิจกรรมทางสังคมและสื่อบันเทิง ตัวอย่างแค่โทรทัศน์เพียงอย่างเดียว จอโทรทัศน์ของเกือบทุกสังคมในโลกวันนี้ เต็มไปด้วยเรื่องราวแห่งความรุนแรง รวมถึงการฆ่าฟันเอาชีวิต รายการประเภทนี้ ได้รับการจัดอันดับว่า มีคุณค่าในการสร้างความบันเทิงใจแก่ผู้ชมอย่างสูง เพียงเรื่องนี้เรื่องเดียว ก็ชี้ได้อย่างชัดเจนแล้วว่า พวกเราทุกวันนี้เดินมาผิดทิศผิดทางกันมากเพียงใด

ข้าพเจ้าเชื่อว่า มนุษย์ไม่ใช่สัตว์ดุร้าย ไม่ใช่เสือสางหรือสิงห์ร้าย ธรรมชาติไม่ได้ให้กรงเล็บที่แหลมคมแก่พวกเราเพื่อตะปบ กัด และขบเคี้ยวเหยื่อ ด้วยความทัศนะแห่งศาสนาพุทธ ข้าพเจ้าเชื่อว่า ธรรมชาติขั้นพื้นฐานของสัตว์รู้คิดในระดับของมนุษย์อย่างเราๆ นั้น เป็นความบริสุทธิ์ เรามีธรรมชาติของจิตใจในส่วนลึกที่บริสุทธิ์และสะอาด แต่มนุษย์กลับกลายเป็นผู้สร้างความรุนแรงขึ้นได้เมื่อมีความคิดอ่านในด้านลบเกิดขึ้น อันเป็นผลจากสถานการณ์และสภาพแวดล้อมที่เลวร้าย

ข้าพเจ้าขอให้ความสนับสนุนอย่างสูงสุดต่อการเรียกร้องให้ประเทศต่างๆ ที่ยังมีโทษประหารชีวิตอยู่ได้โปรดตอบรับต่อกระแสเรียกร้องให้ยุติโทษประหารชีวิตโดยไม่มีเงื่อนไข พร้อมกันนี้ พวกเราก็ควรให้ความสนับสนุนการศึกษาและส่งเสริมให้เกิด

จิตสำนึกแห่งความรับผิดชอบสากลให้สูงขึ้น พวกเราควรหมั่นอภิปรายชี้ความสำคัญแห่งการให้ความรักและความเมตตาแก่กันและกัน เพื่อความอยู่รอดของมนุษย์ชาติเอง และพยายามขจัดสภาวะเงื่อนไขที่อำนวยให้เกิดการพิฆาตเข่นฆ่ากันขึ้น เป็นต้นว่า การต่อต้านความแพร่หลายหาซื้อง่ายของอาวุธยุทโธปกรณ์ในสังคมของพวกเรา อันเป็นเรื่องที่ทุกๆ คนสามารถจะช่วยกันทำ คนละไม้คนละมือได้เสมอ

.....................................................................


His Holiness, Tenzin Gyatso, The Fourteenth Dalai Lama


MESSAGE SUPPORTING THE MORATORIUM

ON THE DEATH PENALTY


In general, death is something none of us wants, in fact it is something we don't even like to think about. When death takes place naturally, it is a process beyond our control to stop, but where death is willfully and deliberately brought about, it is very unfortunate. Of course, within our legal systems there are said to be certain reasons and purposes for employing the death penalty. It is used to punish offenders, to prevent them ever repeating their misdeed and to deter others. However, if we examine the situation more carefully, we will find that these are not the real solutions.

Harmful actions and their tragic consequences all have their origin in disturbing emotions and negative thoughts, and these are a state of mind, whose potential we find within all human beings. From this point of view, every one of us has the potential to commit crimes, because we are all subject to negative disturbing emotions and negative mental qualities. And we will not overcome these by executing other people.

What is deemed criminal can vary greatly from country to country. In some countries, for example, speaking out for human rights is considered criminal, whereas in other countries preventing free speech is a crime. The punishments for crimes are also very different, but usually include various forms of imprisonment or hardship, financial penalties and, in a number of countries, physical pain. In some countries, crimes that the government considers very serious are punished by executing the person who committed the crime.

The death penalty fulfills a preventive function, but it is also very clearly a form of revenge. It is an especially severe form of punishment because it is so final. The human life is ended and the executed person is deprived of the opportunity to change, to restore the harm done or compensate for it. Before advocating execution we should consider whether criminals are intrinsically negative and harmful people or whether they will remain perpetually in the same state of mind in which they committed their crime or not. The answer, I believe, is definitely not. However horrible the act they have committed, I believe that everyone has the potential to improve and correct themselves. Therefore, I am optimistic that it remains possible to deter criminal activity, and prevent such harmful consequences of such acts in society, without having to resort to the death penalty.

My overriding belief is that it is always possible for criminals to improve and that by its very finality the death penalty contradicts this. Therefore, I support those organizations and individuals who are trying to bring an end to the use of the death penalty.

Today, in many societies very little importance is placed on education or the development of human values through social programs and entertainment. In fact, if we take television programming as an example, violence, including killing, is regarded as having a high entertainment value. This is indicative of how misguided we have become.

I believe human beings are not violent by nature. Unlike lions and tigers, we are not naturally equipped to kill with sharp teeth and claws. From a Buddhist viewpoint, I believe that the basic nature of every sentient being is pure, that the deeper nature of mind is something pure. Human beings become violent because of negative thoughts which arise as a result of their environment and circumstances.

I wholeheartedly support an appeal to those countries who at present employ the death penalty to observe an unconditional moratorium. At the same time we should give more support to education and encourage a greater sense of universal responsibility. We need to explain the importance of the practice of love and compassion for our own survival and to try to minimize those conditions which foster murderous tendencies, such as the proliferation of weapons in our societies. These are things even private individuals can work towards.


Tenzin Gyatso

A Symbol for Abolition


Hrdefender has long been looking for a suitable image to promote abolition.

The Old Legend of the Barcelos Cock
Once, at Barcelos, a small town in the north of Portugal, a Spanish pilgrim was arrested and condemned to death for the murder of one of the townspeople. He declared his innocence but could offer no evidence in his defence. As a last wish he asked to be brought again before the judge who had condemned him. The judge was dining with some friends and before them all the man again pleaded his innocence. "There is nothing I can do" replied the judge.
Abandoned by man the Spaniard turned to the saints of his faith who inspired him to declare that the roasted cock on the judge's table would get up and crow. Everyone laughed and the feast continued. But suddenly the cock jumped up and crowed. The pilgrim was set free and the Cock of Barcelos became a symbol of faith, justice, and good luck.
We wish that the cock may crow for all prisoners condemned to death.

Sunday, April 01, 2007

Proposed Constitution Article

A broad coalition of Thai human rights organizations proposes the following formulation of the right to life for inclusion in the Thai Constitution now being written.

สิทธิในชีวิต
หลักการ
การมีชีวิตเป็นสิทธิขั้นพื้นของมนุษย์ทุกคน การประกันสิทธิที่จะมีชีวิตโดยการรับรองไว้ในรัฐธรรมนูญ จึงเป็นสิ่งสำคัญที่สุด แต่รัฐธรรมนูญ 2540 มีบทบัญญัติที่เสมือนการยอมรับการทำลายชีวิตมนุษย์ และสิทธิที่จะได้รับการปกป้องคุ้มครองจากการกระทำทารุณยังไม่ครอบคลุมเพียงพอ จึงสมควรรับรองสิทธิในชีวิตให้สอดคล้องกับหลักสิทธิมนุษยชน
ข้อเสนอ
มาตรา...บุคคลมีสิทธิและเสรีภาพในชีวิตและร่างกาย และจะต้องไม่ถูกทำให้เสียชีวิตตามอำเภอใจ หรือการถูกบังคับให้หายตัวไปโดยไม่สมัครใจ
การทรมาน ทารุณกรรม หรือการปฏิบัติ หรือการลงโทษด้วยวิธีที่โหดร้าย ไร้มนุษยธรรม หรือย่ำยีศักดิ์ศรี จะกระทำมิได้


Proposed Article: Every person has the right to life and bodily integrity. A person may not be deprived of life by a deliberate act nor be forcefully abducted unwillingly.

A person may not be tortured or treated inhumanely or submitted to cruel punishment or tyrannically deprived of freedom.

Friday, March 23, 2007

New Constitution


As Thailand writes a new constitution the examples of the 47 states who reject the death penalty may be useful

47 Countries throughout the world have repudiated the death penalty in their constitutions. The following table records the wordings of these guarantees of the right to life.

Country

Words of Constitution

Article

1. Andorra

The penalty of death is prohibited

8.3

2. Angola

1. The State respects and protects human life

2. The penalty of death is prohibited

22

3. Austria

The penalty of death is abolished

85

4. Belgium

The death penalty is abolished, it cannot be brought back into force

18

5. Bosnia-Herzegovina

All persons within the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina shall enjoy the human rights and fundamental freedoms referred to in paragraph 2 above; these include:

(a) The right to life

Paragraph 3

6. Cambodia

Every individual has the right to life, to liberty, and to personal security. The penalty of death should not exist

32

7. Cape Verde

No individual may be subject to torture, nor to cruel, inhumane or degrading treatment. The death penalty may not be applied in any case.

26-2

8. Colombia

The right to life is inviolable. The death penalty does not exist

11

9. Costa Rica

The right to life is inviolable

21

10. Cote d’Ivoire

Any sanction leading to the deprivation of human life is forbidden

2

11. Croatia

Every human being has the right to life. The death penalty does not exist in the Republic of Croatia

21

12. Czech Republic

The death penalty does not exist

6.3

13. Dominican Republic

Neither the death penalty, nor torture or any other penalty or repressive procedure or punishment resulting in loss of, or damage to, the physical integrity or health of an individual, may be established

8.1

14. Ecuador

The State recognises and guarantees inviolability of life to all citizens. The death penalty does not exist

23

15. Finland

Every individual has the right to life, to individual liberty, to physical integrity and to security. No individual may be condemned to death, to torture, or to other degrading treatment

6

16. France

No one may be condemned to the penalty of death

66-1

17. Germany

The penalty of death is abolished

102

18. Guinea-Bissau

In no case may the penalty of death exist in the Republic of Guinea Bissau

36-1

19. Haiti

The penalty of death is abolished for every matter

20

20. Honduras

The penalty of death is prohibited

66

21. Iceland

The penalty of death may in no case be established by law

69

22. Ireland

The Parliament shall not enact any law providing for the imposition of the death penalty

15.5.2

23. Luxembourg

The death penalty may not be established

18

24. Macedonia

Human life is inviolable. The death penalty may not be applied in any case in the Republic of Macedonia

10

25. Marshall Islands

In virtue of the legislation of the Marshall Islands, no crime is punishable by penalty of death

6-1

26. Micronesia

Penalty of death is forbidden

IV-9

27. Monaco

The penalty of death is abolished

20

28. Mozambique

1. All citizens have the right to life and that their physical integrity be respected. They may not be subjected to torture, nor to cruel or inhuman treatment.

2. The penalty of death does not exist in the Republic of Mozambique

6

29. Namibia

The right to life will be respected and protected. No law may impose the death penalty as a judicial punishment.. No tribunal or court may issue a death penalty. No execution may take place in Namibia

6

30. Nepal

No law can envisage the death penalty

12-1

31. Netherlands

The death penalty sentence may not be pronounced

114

32. Nicaragua

The right to life is inviolable and inherent in the human person. The penalty of death does not exist in Nicaragua

23

33. Panama

The penalty of death does not exist

30

34. Paraguay

The penalty of death is abolished

4

35. Portugal

(1) Human life is inviolable

(2) The death penalty is applicable in no case

24

36. Romania

The penalty of death is prohibited

22-3

37. Sao Tome and Principe

1. Human life is inviolable

2. The death penalty may not be applied in any case


38. Seychelles

2. No law allows a tribunal to pronounce a sentence of capital punishment

15

39. Slovak Republic

3. The penalty of death is inadmissable

15

40. Slovenia

Human life is inviolable. The death penalty does not exist in Slovenia

17

41. South Africa

Everyone has the right to life

2.11

42. Sweden

Sentence of death may not be pronounced

4

43. Switzerland

Every person has the right to live. The death penalty is prohibited

10.1

44. Timor-Leste

There shall be no death penalty in the Democratic Republic of East Timor

29.3

45. Ukraine

Every person has the inalienable right to life.

No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of life. The duty of the State is to protect human life.

27

46. Uruguay

Penalty of death may not be applied in any case

26

47. Venezuela

The right to life is inviolable. No law may establish the penalty of death, and no authority may inflict it

58

Notes:

Abolitionist and retentionist countries
Over half the countries in the world have now abolished the death penalty in law or practice.
Amnesty International's latest information shows that:

  • 89 countries and territories have abolished the death penalty for all crimes;
  • 10 countries have abolished the death penalty for all but exceptional crimes such as wartime crimes;
  • 29 countries can be considered abolitionist in practice: they retain the death penalty in law but have not carried out any executions for the past 10 years or more and are believed to have a policy or established practice of not carrying out executions,

making a total of 128 countries which have abolished the death penalty in law or practice.

  • 69 other countries and territories retain and use the death penalty, but the number of countries which actually execute prisoners in any one year is much smaller.

Tuesday, March 13, 2007

Morocco - First Arab Country Preparing to Abolish Death Penalty

At the Third World Congress against the Death Penalty in Paris last February, the head of the Morocco's state-appointed Consultative Committee on Human Rights, Ben Zekri, confirmed there was a general consensus among members of parliament to end capital punishment. The Moroccan press has speculated that a parliamentary vote will be taken on the issue in the current parliamentary session which ends in June. A bill to abolish the death penalty had already been drawn up and put before the government. The king had also set up a special legal commission which was working on the task of removing capital punishment from the country's legal code.

Since 1993 Morocco has operated a moratorium on the death penalty -- one of some 20 African countries which have not carried out executions for more than 10 years.

Opponents of the death penalty world-wide, hope that Morocco's removal of the death penalty from its statute books will set an example to North African and Middle Eastern states. None of the 22 states in the region have yet abolished the death penalty. Saudi Arabia and Iran execute more than a hundred every year.

Morocco's steady progress along the road to abolition of the death penalty was given a major boost with the final report of the Equity and Reconciliation Committee in 2005. This recommended the abolition of the death penalty as a measure for strengthening the judicial and political reforms carried out since king Mohammed VI's accession to the throne in 1999.

The committee, headed by Driss Benzekri, a close advisor to the king, investigated grave violations of human rights committed between the granting of independence and 1999. It organised public hearings which were broadcast on national television, something unheard of in the Arab world.

Moroccan television has also played a major role in the public debate on the death penalty. Last October the national coalition against the death penalty organised a debate on capital punishment at the headquarters of the lawyer's club in the Moroccan capital, Rabat. This was televised nationally.

Later a documentary on the death penalty was also broadcast on television. Nothing like this had ever been produced and shown in an Arab country, one delegate to the recent Paris World Congress against the Death Penalty said. The documentary appears to have convinced some people to switch from supporting the death penalty to becoming abolitionists.

Not all Morocco's predominantly Muslim population have been won over by the arguments of the abolitionists. Many still find justification for capital punishment in the Koran and sacred texts. Some members of Morocco's legal profession would also not like any change in the law.

"The abolitionists have the wrong approach to the right to life," Mohamed Chemssy, a lawyer, told IPS. "This right cannot be used to defend someone who has deprived another of precisely this right. Those who support abolition cannot only consider the criminal. They must also consider the families of the victims." He added: "The death penalty cannot be tied to democracy, dictatorship, Islam or to any other religion. It is tied to justice. We do not need to abolish the death penalty. We need to guarantee fair triails for all and an independent judiciary that would give fair sentences no matter what the punishment," he said.

But Ahmed Kouza, a doctor and Amnesty International activist, takes an opposite view:
"Abolition would improve the image of this country and help reinforce respect for human rights where the right to life comes first of all," he told IPS. "Death penalty sentences and executions have never stopped crime anywhere." Judicial mistakes could never be ruled out. The emphasis should be on reforming criminals and returning them to society. "As Muslims, we believe that only God gives life and death," he added.

Friday, February 23, 2007

3rd World Congress against Death Penalty


Final declaration of the 3rd World Congress against the Death Penalty


Paris, 1-3 February 2007

Assembled in Paris from 1 to 3 February 2007, on the initiative of Ensemble contre la peine de mort (Together against the Death Penalty), supported by the World Coalition against the Death Penalty,

We, citizens and representatives of civil society and public authorities, meeting in even greater number than at the first two World Congresses against the Death Penalty in Strasbourg in 2001 and Montreal in 2004, adopt this Declaration at the conclusion of discussions involving some 30 debates as well as testimonies, analyses and exchanges of experiences and strategies.

We welcome the fact that the death penalty is receding in the world and that since the Montreal Congress Greece, Kyrgyzstan, Liberia, Mexico, the Philippines and Senegal have abolished capital punishment, while no country has re-introduced it. We regret that, during the same period, some countries have resumed executions after prolonged moratoria, such as Bahrain in 2006, and that the death penalty is still applied on a large scale in a number of countries including China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United States and Vietnam. We strongly condemn the initiatives in some abolitionist countries to reintroduce the death penalty and demand in particular that the Peruvian authorities renounce this effort.

We recognise that the process of abolition must be accompanied by a better consideration of the needs of victims and by an in-depth reflection on penal policy and prison systems, in the framework of an equitable and restorative justice.

We demand with one voice the end throughout the world of justice that kills. No authority has the right to strike out a person’s life. We recall that the death penalty is a cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, that it is contrary to human rights, that it has no utility in the fight against crime, and that it always represents a failure of justice.

The 3rd World Congress against the Death Penalty adopts the following recommendations:

1. We call on all countries to abolish the death penalty and to ratify international and regional abolitionist treaties, especially the Second Optional Protocol to the UN International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.

2. Following on from the statement at the UN General Assembly in December 2006, which was supported by an unprecedented number of countries from around the world, we solemnly appeal to all states of the world to stop all executions immediately.

Recognizing the great value that a successful resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly would have for the abolition of the death penalty worldwide, we invite the member states of the United Nations to take all necessary steps to ensure the adoption by the General Assembly of a resolution
- calling for an immediate and universal moratorium on death sentences and executions and the commutation of existing death sentences, with a view to the universal abolition of the death penalty;
- recalling that the death penalty violates human rights and fundamental freedoms; and
- encouraging the UN, its member states, and other relevant international, regional and sub-regional organisations to support the implementation of this moratorium, including through mobilizing resources and expertise.

We call on the citizens of the world to sign the petition, launched by the Sant’Egidio Community and supported by the World Coalition against Death Penalty, which has already attracted over five million signatures, in favour of a worldwide moratorium on executions.

3. We welcome the presence in Paris of many abolitionists from North Africa and the Middle East and their efforts to create national, sub-regional and regional coalitions. We hail the initiatives taken in Morocco, Lebanon and Jordan towards abolition and call on the countries of the region to abolish the death penalty.

4. Welcoming the presence in Paris of Chinese abolitionists, we call on the Chinese government, in the prospect of the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008 and the Shanghai Universal Exposition in 2010, to establish an immediate moratorium on executions with the objective of progressively abolishing the death penalty, and in particular to remove non-violent offences, including economic and drug offences, from the scope of capital punishment.

As, moreover, the Chinese Supreme Court from 1 January 2007 is to review all death sentences imposed by courts of first instance, we call on the Chinese authorities to remove the secrecy surrounding the administration of the death penalty.

5. We welcome the fact that, since the Strasbourg Congress in 2001, the world abolitionist movement has structured itself, with full respect for the diversity of its members, around the World Coalition against the Death Penalty, which was created in 2002 and now includes over 50 organisations.

We call on organisations and institutions that share the objective of abolition – non-governmental organisations, bar associations, trade unions and local governments - to join the World Coalition.

We call on abolitionists of the whole world to take part each year in the World Day against the Death Penalty, which will focus in 2007 on China in the Prospect of the Olympic Games and in 2008 on Teaching Abolition. We call on all regional and international organisations, and the European Union in particular, to adopt 10 October as an official day in favour of universal abolition.

We call on the cities of the world to take part in Cities for Life on 30 November each year.

Finally, we call on members of parliament of the whole world, whose powers include that of voting for abolition, to sign this Declaration.

Paris, 3 February 2007

Thursday, December 28, 2006

Abolition in French Constitution

On 3rd January President Jacques Chirac of France vowed to forbid the death penalty absolutely and in all circumstances. Now approaching the end of his presidency he is keeping his promise. A change in the French Constitution is being proposed to the Council of State in January, in the words: NO ONE CAN BE CONDEMNED TO DEATH

France already abolished the death penalty 25 years ago, now it does so irreversibly. In the words of a spokesperson of Amnesty International France; "In enacting a constitutional prohibition on the death penalty, France is sending a strong message to all governments maintaining this cruel, inhuman, and degrading punishment".

However, France could make a further step by acceding to the Second Optional Protocol of the Covenant on Social and Political Rights which would confirm its commitment to the community of nations.

South Africa, Ireland, and Germany already prohibit the death penalty in their Constitutions AND have signed the Second Protocol.

Thailand is at present drafting a new Constitution . . . . . . . .

Monday, December 25, 2006

Black Day for Japan and for the World

On Christmas Day 2006 Japan hanged four men. While Christmas Day is considered world wide as a day of peace,Japan wished to show its people and the world that the death penalty remains in force in Japan. The last previous execution took place a few days before the appointment as Justice Minister of Seikei Sugiura in 2005 who, following his Buddhist beliefs, refused to sign death warrants for executions (see posting below). As a result Japan has not had an execution for a period of fifteen months.

When the term of prime minister Junichiro Koizumi ended, Seikei Sugiura also stood down to be replaced by a Minister in favour of the death penalty. Japan is the only major industrialised country besides the United States maintaining Capital Punishment. Executions are carried out without the knowledge of relatives of the condemned, and in unknown locations. The condemned prisoners themselves are informed at the last moment. These practices are against United Nations declared norms for the humane treatment of persons condemned to death.

The Christmas Day executions are particularly noxious as two of those executed are aged 77 and 75 years old. The other two are 64 and 44 years old.

Saturday, December 16, 2006

New Death Penalty Lesson for Thailand

In his autobiography “The Last Executioner” Chavoret Jaruboon describes steps leading to Thailand’s adoption of execution by lethal injection: “Some prisons in America started using lethal injection back in 1977. Bang Kwang wanted to move with the times. Our forward-thinking chief sent researchers over to America to study the process of injecting a criminal with chemicals”

The time has come when researchers should return to study the suspension of executions by lethal injection in the US as it is increasingly realised that lethal injection causes unacceptable suffering. The latest in a series of reactions came on Friday 15th December when Judge Jeremy Fogel in California ruled that executions by lethal injection as practiced in California do not conform to the US Constitution which forbids cruel and unusual punishment.

Lethal injection involves the introduction of three chemicals into the veins of the condemned prisoner. The first is a sedative inducing unconsciousness, the second paralyses the muscles and the third causes the heart to stop. If the sedative does not act correctly the two following chemicals cause extreme pain. Several other US states are encountering the same difficulty. On Wednesday last a condemned person being executed in Florida took 34 minutes to die. The governor of Florida, Jeb Bush has ordered a suspension of executions and the creation of a commission of inquiry on the process.

Executions in California have been suspended since February last.

In fact there is no solution to the problems of execution. The proposal that a medical doctor participate in executions to confirm that the sedative has succeeded is rejected by the medical profession.

The medical profession in Thailand has long since issued a statement that doctors or nurses are unwilling to participate in executions (see posting below, Statement of Thai Medical Personnel).

The Union for Civil Liberties proposes that Thailand delay no longer in joining the majority of the world’s countries in abandoning forever the barbaric practice of the death penalty. The writing of a new constitution is an opportune time to take this momentous step in protecting the right to life in Thailand.